Different Mudras
Explanation of the different Mudras (hand gestures) represented in sculptures of the Buddha
The composition of a mudra is based on certain movements of the fingers; in other words, they constitute a highly stylized form of gestural communication. It is an external expression of ‘inner intention’, suggesting that such non-verbal communications are more powerful than the spoken word.
Another interesting significance of the mudra is that it reveals the secret imbued in the five fingers. In such a perspective, each of the fingers, starting with the thumb, is identified with one of the Five Elements: Sky, Wind, Fire, Water, and the Earth. Their contact with each other symbolizes the synthesis of these elements, significant because every form in this universe is felt to be composed of a unique combination of these elements. This contact between the various elements creates conditions favorable for the presence of the deity at rites performed to secure some desired object or benefit.
- Dharmachakra mudra – Gesture of teaching the Dharma
- Bhumisparsa mudra – Gesture of the Buddha’s taking the Earth as witness
- Dhyana Mudra or Samadhi Mudra – Gesture of meditation and concentration
- Abhaya Mudra – Gesture to assuage fear
- Varada mudra – Gesture of offering the gift of Dharma
- Vitarka mudra – Gesture of reasoned Exposition
- Anjali mudra- Gesture of requesting and veneration
